Class 10th Biology | All Board | Question Answer | Chapter No. 11 till 18

 

CHAPTER-10 (SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

1.                  What is Bronchitis? Write it’s symptoms.

Ans:     Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi or bronchioles. It results in excessive secretions of mucous into the tubes, leading to the swelling of tubular walls and narrowing of tubes.

Symptoms: symptoms of bronchitis include a cough, mild wheezing, fever, chills and shortness of breath.

2.                  What is the clifference between daytime respiration and nighttime respiration?

Ans:     Leaf cell face two situations during the daytime aten the mesophyll cells of leaves are carrying out photosynthesis and respiration side by side, the O₂ produced in photosynthesis is utilized in cellular respiration. Similarly the CO₂ produced during cellular respiration is utilized in photosynthesis However, during night when there is no photosynthesis occuning the leaf cells get O₂ from the environment and release CO₂through stomata.

3.                  How smoking effects on circulatory system?

Ans:     Smoking also has effects on circulatory system. The carbon monoxide present in tobacco smoke lessens the oxygencaning capacity of hemoglobin. Many other Chemicals in smoke increase the production of blood platelets ulenplatelets are more than the normal numbers, they mace the blood viscous and it can lead to arteriosclerosis.

 

CHAPTER-11 (SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

1.                  Write two osmotic adjustments in hydrophytes.

Ans:     Hydrohytes are the pants which live completely or partially submerged in keshwater. Such plants do not face the problem of water shortage. They have developed machanisms for the removal of extra water from their cells. Hydrophytes have broad leaves with a large number of stomata of their upper surfaces e.g. water lily.

2.                  Explain renal pelvis.

Ans:     Renal pyramids project into a funnel – shaped. Cavity called Renal pelvis, which is the base of ureter.

3.                  Write the parts of excretory system for men.

Ans:     A pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra.

4.                  How do the plants excretes extra water from their bodies?

Ans:     We know that plants obtain water from soil and it is also produced in the body during cellular. Respiration plants store large amount of water in their cells for turgidity. Extra water is removed from plant body by transpiration.

5.                  Name the plants from which resins, Gums, latex, and mucilage are obtained.

Ans:     1. Resins by carnivorous trees 2. Gums by keekar 3. Later by rubber plant 4 mucilage by carnivorous plants a ladyfinger.

6.                  Write two symptoms of kidney faiture.

Ans:     High level of urea and other works in blood, which can result in vomiting, nausea, weight loss frequent urination and blood in urine are the main symplomes of kidney faiture.

7.                  What is the difference between latex and mucilage?

Ans:     Later removed by Rubber plant while mucilage removed by carnivorous plants and ladyfinger.

CHAPTER-12(SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

1.                  Write types of neuron on the basis of their function.  

Ans:     1. Sensory neurons conduct sensory information from receptors towards the CNS. Sensory neuron fiave one dendrite and one axon.

2.         Interneuron:  From brain and spinal cord. They receive information, interpret them and stimulate moter neurons. They have many dendrites and axons. 

3.         Motor neurons: Carry information from interneuron to muscle or glands. They have many dendrites but only one axon.

2.                  What is meant by goiter?

Ans:     Iodine is required for the production of thyroxin hormone. If a person lacks iodine in diet, thyroid gland cannot make it’s hormone. In this condition, thyroid gland enlarges. This disorder is called goiter.

3.                  Differentiate between sympathic and parasympthic nervous system.  

Ans:     Symathic nervous system prepares body to deal with emergency situations. This is often called the “Fight or flight” response for example it dilate, pupils accelerate, heartbeat, increasing breathing rate and inhibits digestion. When stress ends, the parasymathic nervous system take action and normalizes all the functions. It causes pupils to contact, promotes digestion, and slws the rate of heartbeat and breathing rate.

4.                  How does coordination in unicellular take place?

Ans:     Coordination also akes place in unicellular organisms. The response to stimuli is brought about through chemicals.

5.                  Explain brain stem.

Ans:     The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain connect the rest of brain to spinal cord. They are collectively referred to as brain stem.

6.                  Describe the two causes of Epilepsy.  

Ans:     In younger people, epilepsy may be due to genetic or developmental causes. In people over age 40 years, brain tumors are more likely to cause epilepsy. Head trauma and Central nervous system infections may cause epilepsy at any age.

7.                  Why iodine is essential for us?

Ans:     See Q No. 2 of this chapter. 

 8.                  What is nerve? Write names of it’s three types. 

Ans:     A nerve means the union of several axons that are enveloped by a covering made of lipid.

            Type of Nerves are:

i.          Sensory Nerve

ii.         Motor Nerves

iii.        Mixed Nerves

9.                  Explain Reflex Arc.

Ans:     The pathway followed by nerve impulse for producing a reflex action is called reflex Arc.

10.              Explain oval window.

Ans:     In middle ear, Malleus is attached with ear drum, then comes incus and finally stapes that is committed with a membrane called oval window. Oval window separates middle ear from inner car.

11.              Write down the function of occipital.  

Ans:     Perceive and analyzes visual information. 

 

CHAPTER-13(SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

1.                  Difference between bone and cartilage.

Ans:     Bone is the hardest connective tissue in body. Bones not only move, Support and protect the various parts of the body but also produce red and white blood cells and store minerals while cartilage is a dense, clear blue chite firm connective tissue. Cartilage contains a single type of cell while bones contain different type of cell.

2.                  Difference between chondroeytes and osteocytes.

Ans:     The cells of cartilage are called chondrocytes. White the mature bone cells are called osteocytes.

CHAPTER-14(SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

1.                  Define follicles. What is present it’s inside?  

Ans:     Live most animals, female rabbits have pair of ovaries the outer region of ovary produced e cells. A cluster of specialized clls called follide sorrounds and nourishes each eg cell. From ovaries, egg cells are relased in fallopian tubes.

2.                  What is gynoecium? 

Ans:     Fourth whorl, gynoecium is the female reproductive part of flower. It’s units are called carpels. Each carpel is made up of the busal ovary, middle style and upper stigma. Inside ovary, there are one too many ovals.

3.                  Difference between sporohyteand gametohyte generation.  

Ans:     In the life cycle of plants, two different generations alemate with each other. One generation is diploid and produces spores. It is called sporophyte generation. The other generation is haploid and produces gamets. It is called gametophyte generation.

4.                  What are STD? Write one STD name.

Ans:     Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are defined as the diseases that are transmitted through sexual act.

            AIDS is sexually transmitted diseases

5.                  What is Endosperm tissue?

Ans:     Endosperm tissue formed from endosperm nucleus in angiosperms, the stored food is derived from the endosperm tissue. This tissue is rich in oil or starch and protein. In many seeds, th food of the endosperm is absorbed and stored by cotyledons.

6.                  What is the importance of seed dormancy?

Ans:     Most seeds go through a period, during which there is no growth. This period is called dormancy of seed. Dormant seeds are ripe seeds but do not germinate. Under favourable conditions, the seed break dormancy and begin to germinate.

7.                  What is the abbreviation of HIV?

Ans:     HTV           human immune deficiency syndrome.

            There is a scar on seed coat, called hilum. It is where the seed is attached to ovary wall.

8.                  Write the name of two important parts of angiospermic seed.

Ans:     Angiosporm seeds consists of here parts.

i.          The embryo formed from zygote.

ii.         The endosperm tissue formed from endosperm nucleus.

iii.        The seed coat which develops from the wall of ovule.

9.                  How binary fission take place in invertebrates? Give example.

Ans:     Some invertebrates also reproduce Asexually through binary fission. During this reproduction, body is cut into two halves (Fission and the missing body parts are regenerated in both halves. This type of asexual production is common in planarial and many echinoderms.

 

CHAPTER-15 (SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

 1.                  Write the name of Darwin’s book.

Ans:     On the origin of species by means of natural selection.

2.                  What is meant by Template?

Ans:     Dunning DNA replication, the DNA Double helix is unwound and two strands are separated, much likes the two sides of zipper each strand act an template to produce another spend.

3.                  For which purpose checker board is used?

Ans:     A checker board is used to cross all the possible gametes of one parent with all the gametes of other parent. It this way, a biologist can fired all possible genotypes of offspring.

4.                  What is meant by True breeding?

Ans:     The term “true breeding means homozygous.

 

CHAPTER - 16 (SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

1.                  Write two disadvantages of acid rain.

Ans:     i. Acid Rain destroys the necessary nutrient present in the waters of rivers and lakes etc. It also lowers the PH of water most of the aquatic animals cannot survive at this PH.

ii. Acid Rain washes nutrients out of soil, damages the bark and leaves of trces and harms root hairs. Leaf pigments are also destroyed.

2.                  What is meant by pyramids of biomass?

Ans:     It is the graphic representation of biomass present per unit area at different trophic levels. In a terrestrial ecosystem, the maximum biomass occurs in producers, and there is progressive decrease in biomass from lower to higher fophic levels.

3.                  Define species.

Ans:     A species is a group of organisms which can interbreed freely in nature, to produce fertile offspring.

4.                  Write the effects of air pollution.

Ans:     we have studied that global warming is one of the consequences of air pollution other effects of air pollution are as follows.

            i. Smog formation      

            ii. Acid Rains

            iii. Ozone depletion

5.                  What are carnivores’ plants? Give two examples. 

Ans:     Carnivores feed on other animals. Primary carnivores feed on furbirores. Fox, frog, snakes etc. are primary carnivores secondary carnivores feed on primary carnivore’s wolf and owl etc. is secondary carnivores. Tertiary carnivores e.g. lion, tier etc. feed on secondary carnivores.

 

CHAPTER-17 (SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

1.                  Write the name and uses of any two industrial boducts produced through fermentation.

Ans:    

Products	Uses
Formic Acid	Used in textile dying, leather treatment. Electroplating, rubber manufacture
Acrylic Acid	Used in the production of Plastics

 2.                  How did genetic engineering help in controlling heamophilia and thalassemia?

Ans:     Now it has become possible to modify the genes in the human egg cell. This can lead to the elimination of infented diseases like heamophilia genetic engineering technique can also be used to cur blood diseases like thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia, which results from defects in single genes. Normal genes could be transferred into the bone marrous. 

3.                  What is the full name of GMO?

Ans:     Genetically modified organism.

4.                  Write some uses of Aspergillus.

Ans:     Aspergillus used in textile dyeing, leater breatment, electroplating, rubber manufacture.

5.                  What s the uses of saccharomyces in fermentation process?

Ans:     Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by many types of yeast such as saceharomyces cerevisiaae. This process is quite important and is used to produced bread, beer, wine and distilled spris.

Or

In ethanol saccharomyces are used. Used as solvent, used in the production of vinegar and beverages.

6.                  For which propose microbes are used?

Ans:     Microbes are being developed to be used as biopesticides, biofetilizers, biosensors etc. such transgenic micro organisms are also used for the recovery of metals, cleaning of spilled oils and for much other purpose.

7.                  Who produced dolly and ahen?

Ans:     In Scotland, in 1997, an embryologist Lan Wilmut produced a shee dolly from the body cell of an adult sheep.

8.                  Which enzymes are used to cut and attach the games?

Ans:     Special enzymes, called restriction endonuclceases, are used to cut the identified gene from the total DNA of donor organism. The gene of interest is attached with the vector DNA by using endonucleases (breaking enymes and Ligase (Joining enzymes).

9.                  When human growth hormone was prepared and by which micro organisms.  

Ans:     In 1977 and E. Coli bacterium was created that was capable of synthesizing the human growth hormone

CHAPTER-18 (SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

1.                  What is meant by social stigma?

Ans:     The drug addicts are very weak in their social behaviour. They face social stigma c.e the society cilices them because of their unpredictable behaviors.

2.                  What meant are used for covering the blood pressure?

Ans:     The sulfonamide group is also present in other medications that are not antibiotics e.g thiazide diuretics (medicines for lowering blood pressure).

3.                  Which crgan is affected by the use of requiredmedicines?

Ans:     Expired drugs can cause damage to kidneys.

4.                  Write the uses of diamorphirce.

Ans:     It’s use includes treatment for awte pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain etc.