Chapter # 1
1- The areas
where living organisms interact:
With
non-living components of the environment are called:
(A) population (B) community (C) ecosystem (D)
species
2- The study of
the molecules of life is called:
(A) anatomy (B)immunology (C)physiology (D) molecular biology
3- Biomolecules
assemble in a particular way to form.
(A) Tissues (B) Organ system (C) Population (D) Organelle
4- Transplantation
of kidneys is example of.
(A) Medicine (B) Morphology (C) Physiology (D) Surgery
5- Remains of
extinct organisms are called:
(A) Corals (B)Fossils (C)
Corals reef (D) Endangered
6- Bioelement is
:
(A) Aluminium (B)
Cobalt (C) Bromine (D)Carbon
7- Breeding of
cow belongs to:
(A) Farming (B) Animal
husbandry (C) Morphology (D) Genetics
8- The highest
level of biological organization is:
(A) species (B) tissue (C)ecosystem (D) biosphere
9- Which of
these does not represent unicellular organization?
(A) amoeba (B) volvox (C)
paramecium (D) bacteria
1.1.1 Division and Branches of Biology.
Q.1 . Describe cell biology.
Ans: The
study of structures and functions of cells and cell organelles is called cell
biology. This branch also deals with the study of cell division.
Q.2 . Write down the definition of Biology.
Ans: Biology is the scientific study of life. The word “biology”
has been derived from two Greek words “bios” meaning life and logos meaning
thought or reasoning.
Q.3 . Defien pharmacology and immunology.
Ans: Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on the
systems of Human body. While immunology is the study of immune system of
animals, which defends the body against invading microbes.
Q.4 . Differentiate between environmental biology
and cell biology.
Ans: Environmental biology deals with the study of interactions
between the organisms and their environment.
Cell
Biology: The study of structures and functions
of cells and cell organelles is called cell biology. This branch also deals
with the study of cell division.
1.3 The
Levels of Organization
Q.5 . Write down the name of groups of
biomolecules and give example.
Ans: Biomolecules are classified as micromolecules and
macromolecules.
Micromolecules:
Glucose, Water.
Macromolecules:
Starch, protein, Lipids
Q.6 . Write comparison between cell level and
tissue level.
Ans: Cell Level: The organellses are actually
sub-cellular structures and when they assemble together , unit of life i.e.
cells are formed.
Tissue
Level: In
multicellular organisms, similar cells are organized into groups called
tissues.
Each cell
in a tissue carries its own life processes but it also carries on some special
processes related to the function of the tissue.
Q.7 . Write examples of complex communities.
Ans: Forest community and a pond community.
Q.8 . Why organ system of animals is more complex
than plants?
Ans: Organ system of animals is more complex than plants. This is
due to greater range of functions and activities in animals than plants.
Q.9 . Differentiate between species and Habitat.
Ans: Species: A species is a group of organisms capable of
interbreeding and produce fertile offsping.
Habitat:
Habitat means the area of the environment in which organism lives.
Chapter # 2
1- Who presented
a Law of inheritance?
(A) Laveron (B)
Ronald Ross (C)Mendal (D)Hardy-Weinberg
2- Meaning of
aria is:
(A) Air (B)
Smoke (C) Odour (D) Smell
3- Freezing
point of water is less than its boiling point” Which type of observation is it
?
(A) Qualitative (B) Quantitative (C) Competitive (D) Non- Competitive
4- Number of
sense organs are:
(A) 5
(B) 7 (C) 2 (D) 9
5- Knowledge of
--------- helps scientists for data analysis.
(A) Commerce (B) Statistics (C) Economics (D) Geometry
6- Scientist who
performed experiments of Malaria on Sparrows:
(A) Ross (B)
A.F.A King (C)Laveran (D) Bu Ali Sina
7- which
scientist firstly observed microorganism in the blood of malarial patient?
(A) Ronald Ross (B) Laveran (C)
A.F.A King (D) Robert Hooke
8- The first
step in solving a biological problem is :
(A) Experiment (B)
Deduction (C) Observation (D)Hypothesis
2.1.1 Biological
Problems, Hypothesis, Deductions and experiments.
Q.1. Give two examples of qualitative and quantitative
observations.
Ans:
|
Qualitative observations |
Quantitative
observations |
|
The freezing point of water is
colder than the boiling point. A liter of water is heavier than a
liter of ethanel. |
The freezing point of water is A liter of water weighs 1000g and a liter of ethanol
weighs 789g. |
Q.2. Differentiate between Qualitative and
quantitative observations with one examples.
Qualitative
Observations: These
are variable and non-measurable and cannot be recorded in terms of numbers. e.g.
A liter of water is heavier than a liter of ethanol.
Quantitative
Observations:
These are
invariable and measureable and can be recorded in terms of numbers.
e.g A
liter of water weighs 1000 g and a liter of ethanol weighs 789 g.
Q.3. Differentiate between deduction and theory.
Ans: Deductions: are the
logical consequences of Hypothesis.
Theory:
The Hypothesis that
stand the test of time (often tested and never rejected) are called theory.
Q.4. Write the names of mosquitoes responsible
for spread of malaria and Dengue fever in human.
Ans: Malaria in Human: Anopheles
Dengue
fever in Human: Aedes
Q.5. Why female mosquito before drawing blood
injects saliva in the body?
Ans: When a female mosquito pierces the skin with her mouthparts,
she injects a small amount of saliva into the wound before drawing blood. The
saliva prevents the blood from clotting in her food canal.
Q.6. Write down two controls of malaria.
Ans: i. Controlling
mosquito breeding.
ii. Preventing
mosquitoes from biting people.
iii. Killing adult
mosquitoes before they bite people.
ii.
Killing malaria parasites in the blood before they can
cause malaria.
Chapter # 3
1- When last
member of a species are dies the species is called:
(A) Established (B) Extinct (C) Threatened (D) Endangered
2- Tournefort
introduced the taxa of:
(A) Order (B)
Genus (C) Class and species (D) Family
3- Kingdom of
fern is
(A) Fungi (B)Protista (C)Plantae (D)
Animalia
4- Branch of
biology which deals with the study of classification of organisms and their
evolutionary history is called?
(A) Taxonomy (B) Systematics (C) Genetics (D)
Bioinformatics
5- The kinds of
organisms inhabit the earth are:
(A) 10 million (B)
12 million (C) 14 million (D) 16 million
6- Biodiversity
is richer in.
(A) Deserts (B) Temperate regions
(C) Polar regions (D) Tropics
7- The broadest
category of organisms in biological taxonomy is:
(A) class (B)phylum (C) kingdom (D) family
Chapter # 3
Biodiversity.
Q.1. Differentiate between flora and fauna.
Ans:
|
Flora |
Fauna |
|
Flora refers to the plant life. |
Fauna refers to the animal life. |
|
Flora is studies in botany. |
Fauna is studies in zoology. |
|
Flora remains in one place. |
Fauna can move from one place to
another. |
3.4 The
Five Kingdoms
Q.2. How fungi differ from plants? Write two
points.
Ans: Fungi are heterotrophs which are absorptive in their
nutritional mode. e.g mushrooms. Most fungi are decomposers. They live on organic
material, secrete digestive enzymes and absorb small organic molecules. While
plants are autotrophic in nutritional mode, making their own food by
photosynthesis. They have multicellular sex organs and form embroys during
their life cycle.
e.g Mosses, ferns etc.
Q.3. What is the difference between modes of
nutrition of fungi and animals?
Ans: Fungi are heterotrophs which are absorptive in their
nutritional mode e.g mushrooms. Most fungi are decomposers. While Animals live
mostly by ingesting food and digesting it within specialized cavities. They
lack cell wall and show movements.
3.5 Binomial
Nomendafure:
Q.4. How do we write scientific name? give an
example.
Ans: Binomial Nomenclature is the method of giving scientific
names to living organisms. As the word “bionomial” suggests the scientific name
of a species consists of two names. The first is genus name and the second one
is the name of species.
3.6.4 Endangered
species in Pakistan
Q.5. Briefly introduced the Houbara bastard and
macropolo sheep.
Ans: Houbara Bustard: This bird flies to Pakistan in writer season
from former soviet territory, and settles in Cholistan and thar deserts. The
decline in its population is due to hunting by foreigners and destruction of
its habitat. Morcopolo sheep: are found mostly in Khunjerab National Park, and
nearby areas. Their numbers have been rapidly decreasing in the last two
decades and WWF-P has started projects for its conservation.
Chapter # 4
1- The movement
of amoeba can be studied by:
(A) Transmission electron
microscope (B)Light microscope
(C) Electron microscope (D) Hand lens
2- The flattened
sacs in cell are called:
(A) Thylakoid (B)
cristae (C) cisternae (D) Centriole
3- Resolving
power of light microscope is:
(A)0.1um (B) 0.2um (C)0.3um (D) 0.1um
4- First of all
Nucleus in plant Cell are discovered by:
(A) Robert Hook (B) Robert Brown (C) Robert Boyl (D) Schleiden
5- Tissue found
in Alimentry canal are called:
(A) Cuboid Epithellium (B) Squamous Epithellium
(C) Columnar
Epithellium (D) StratifiedSqumous
Epithellium
6- Fluid mosaic
model belongs to:
(A) Cell membrane
(B) Cell well (C) Dermis (D)
Endodermis
7- The fluidity
of cell membrane is due to:
(A) Protein (B) Vitamin (C)Lipid (D)Glycerine
8- The organelle
which produces energy is.
(A) mitochondria (B) ribosome (C)nucleus (D)
vacuole
9- ----------
tissue is responsible for increase in length of root and stem.
(A) Collenchyma (B) Parenchyma (C) Apical Meristem(D) Lateral meristem
10- Structure of
cell that is not Organelle:
(A) Cytoplasm (B) Ribosome (C) Mitochondria (D) Golgi apparatus
11- Permanent tissues
originate from the tissues:
(A) Epidermal (B) Meristematic (C) Ground (D) Xylem
12- Bone is an
example of.
(A) epithelial tissue (B) nervous tissue (C) connective tissue (D) muscle tissue
4.1.1 Light
Microscope and Electron Microscopy.
Q.1. Write the names of electron microscopes
which are used by biologists.
Ans: Biologists use two types of electron microscopes i.e.
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
4.2.5 Cell
Organelles
Q.2. What is nuclear envelope?
Ans: Nucleues is bounded by a double membrane known as nuclear
envelope.
Q.3. Draw label diagram of Mitochondria.
Ans:
Q.4. Differentiate between centrosome and
centrioles.
Ans: Animals and many unicellular organisms have hollow and
cylindrical organelles known as centrioles. Each centriole is made up of nine
triplets of microtubules.
The two
centrioles are collectively called a centrosome. Their function is to help in
the formation of spindle fibers during cell division.
Q.5. Write two functions of centrosomes.
Ans: Their function is to help in the formation of spindle fibers
during cell division. In some cells, centrioles are involved in the formation
of cilia and flagella.
Q.6. What is the role of nucleus in a cell?
Ans: The cell nucleus is an important organelle found in
eukaryotic cells . Its roles include regulating all activity such as cellular
metabolism and growth in addition to storing and maintaining the cell’s DNA for
transcription and replication.
It controls all the activates of the cell so called
controlled center of the cell.
4.4 Passage
of molecules into and out of cells.
Q.7. Why is plasma membrane called semi
permeable membrane?
Ans: Plasma membrane is called semi-permeable membrane because it
allows a very few molecules across it.
Chapter # 5
1- Process of
formation of new tumors Is known as:
(A) Synapsis (B)
Crossing over (C) Metastasis (D)
Regeneration
2- Chromosomes
are visible during
(A) Interphase (B) G-1 Phase (C)S- Phase (D) Cell
division
3- The phase of
cell cycle in which cell prepares itself for division is called.
(A) Prophase (B) Interphase (C)Metaphase (D)Telophase
4- The exchange
of parts of chromatids of homologous.
(A) chiasmata (B) crossing
Over (C)Inkage (D) phargmoplast
5- Crossing over
occurs in
(A) prophase I (B) metaphase I (C) telophase (D) anaphase I
6- During
Melosis one cell divides in to gaughter cells.
(A) 2 (B) 3 `(C) 4
(D)8
5.2 Mitosis
Q.1. Define mitosis and write the names of its
two major phases.
Ans:
Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a cell
divides into two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as
were present in parent cell.
Phases of Mitosis: Karyokinesis and
cytokinesis.
5.2.1 Phases
of Mitosis:
Q.2. Write down the names of four stages/
phases of Karyokinesis.
Ans:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase.
Q.3. Define cleavage furrow.
Ans:
In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known
as cleavage. A cleavage furrow develops where the metaphase plate used to be.
The furrow deepens and eventually pinches the parent cell into two daughter
cells.
5.2.2 Significance
of Mitosis
Q.4. Write two types of reproduction.
Ans:
There are two types of reproduction
i.
Sexual Reproduction.
ii.
Asexual Reproduction.
Q.5. Why are tumors dangerous for human body?
Ans:
Errors in the control of mitosis may cause cancer. All
cells have genes that control the timing and number of mitosis. Sometime
mutation occur in such genes and cells continue to divide. It results in the
growth of abnormal cells called tumors.
5.3.1 Phases
of Meiosis
Q.6. Write the difference between chiasmata and
crossing over.
Ans: Crossing Over: The non-sister chromatids of homologous
chromosomes exchange their segment and the phenomenon is known as crossing
over.
Chiasmatia: The two non-sister chromatids of homologous
chromosomes join each other at certain points along their lengths. These points
of attachment are called chiasmata.
Q.7. How is metaphase plate formed?
Ans: The pairs of homologous chromosomes align along equatorial
plane forming metaphase plate.
Q.8. What is synapsis? Where it occurs?
Ans: The homologous chromosomes line up with each other and form
pairs by a process called synapsis. It occurs in prophase-1 of mitosis.
5.3.2 Significance
of Meiosis.
Q.9. What is alternation of generahon?
Ans: The phenomenon in which two different generations (sporophyte
and gametophyte) alternate with each other during life cycle is known as
alternation of generations.
Chapter # 6
1- Trypsin
enzyme shows its activity at:
(A) medium pH (B)High pH (C)low
pH (D) acidic pH
2- What is true
about co-factors?
(A) Break hydrogen bonds
in protein (B) help facilitate Enzyme
activity
(C) Increase activation
energy (D) are composed of protein
3- All
biochemical reactions occurring in living organisms necessary for life are
called as
(A) metabolism (B) anabolism (C)catabolism (D)
mutalism
4- Which of the
following vitamins work as coenzyme?
(A) Vitamin B (B) Vitamin D (C) Vitamin C (D) riboflavin
5- Chemical
nature of Enzymes is:
(A) Cellulose (B) Glucose (C)
Lipids (D) Proteins
Introduction:
Q.1. Define the term enzymes and substrate.
Ans: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (speed up) biochemical
reactions and are not changed during the reaction. The molecules at which
enzymes act are called substrates, and enzymes converts into different molecules
called products.
6.1 Characteristics
of enzymes.
Q.2. What are the function of co-enzymes?
Ans: Co-enzymes transport chemical groups from one enzyme to
another. Some important vitamins (e.g riboflavin, thiamine, folic acid) act as
co-enzymes.
Q.3. What is meant by active sites? Also write
its function OR Write two benefits of
active site.
Ans: Only a small portion of enzyme molecule is directly involved
in catalysis. This catalytic region is called active site. It recognizes and
binds subtrates and then carries out the reaction.
Q.4 Write down the function of active site.
Ans: Only a small portion of enzyme molecule is directly involved
in catalysis. This catalytic region is called active site. It recognizes and
binds subtrates and then carries out the reaction.
6.1.1 Factors
affecting the rate of enzyme action.
Q.5. What is optimum PH? Give an example.
Ans: All enzymes work at their maximum rate at a narrow range of
pH called as optimum PH. For example pepsin (working in stomach) is active in
acidic medium (low PH) while trypsin (working in small intestine) shows its
activity in alkaline medium (High PH).
Q.6. In which medium pepsin and Trypsin enzymes
work.
Ans: For example pepsin (working in stomach) is active in acidic
medium (low PH) while trypsin (working in small intestine) shows its activity
in alkaline medium (High PH).
Q.7. How PH of a medium affects the function of
an enzyme?
Ans: All enzymes work at their maximum rate at a narrow range of
pH called as optimum PH. For example pepsin (working in stomach) is active in
acidic medium (low PH) while trypsin (working in small intestine) shows its
activity in alkaline medium (High PH).
6.1 Characteristics
of enzymes.
Q.8. Write the difference between active site and
substrate.
Ans: Active site: Only a small portion of enzyme molecule is
directly involved in catalysis. This catalytic region is called active site.
Substrate:
The molecules at which enzyme act are called substrate.
Chapter # 7
1- Raw Material
for Photosynthesis is
(A) H2 O, O2 (B) CO2 ,O2 (C)Glucose (D) Water,
CO2
2- Chlorophyll
pigment absorbs maximum light in which wavelength?
(A) Green and Blue (B) Green and Red (C) Only Green (D) Red
and Blue
3- What is
Nicotine amide dinucleotide (NAD)?
(A) Enzyme (B) Coenzyme (C)
Substrate (D) Catalyst
4 -Alcohol is prepared by:
(A) Yeast (B)Algae (C)
Onion (D) Pepper
5- Compounds
produced during light reactions are:
(A) FADH (B) NADPH ATP (C)C6
H12 O6 (D)
C12H22O11
6- Calvin got
noble prize in:
(A) 1961 (B)
1971 (C)1985 (D) 1991
7- Which colour
of light is more effective in photosynthesis?
(A) Blue and red (B) Yellow and blue (C)
blue and green (D)green and red
8- The example
of three Carbon Molecules is:
(A) Glucose (B) Pyruvic
Acid (C) Starch (D) Ribose
9- ATP is an
example of:
(A) amino Acid (B) nucleotide (C)Fatty acid (D)nucleic acid
10- ChiorophyII
absorb ………… colours of light.
(A) Red & Blue (B)
Green & Blue (C)Green
only (D) Green & red
7.2.1 Mechanism
of Photosyntheis:
Q.1. What is photolysis of water?
Ans: Light also breaks water molecule called photolysis and oxygen
is released.
Q.2. What is meant by Z-Scheme?
Ans: The whole series of light reactions is called Z-scheme due to
its Z-shaped flow chart.
Q.3. What are accessory pigments? Give an
example.
Ans: Photosynthetic pigments are organized in the form of clusters
called photosystems, in thylakoid membranes of chloroplast. Chlorophyll a is
the main photosynthetic pigments others are called accessory pigments and
includes chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
Q.4. Write names of two accessory pigments.
Ans: Chlorophyll-b and carotenoids.
Q.5. Write about accessary pigments with an
example.
Ans: Photosynthetic pigments are organized in the form of clusters
called photosystems, in thylakoid membranes of chloroplast. Chlorophyll a is
the main photosynthetic pigments others are called accessory pigments and
includes chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
Q.6. What is the role of light in
photosynthesis?
Ans: Sunlight energy is absorbed by chlorophyll. It is then
converted into chemical energy, which drives the photosynthetic process.
Q.7. Define photosystem/ What is meant by
photosystems?
Ans: Photosynthetic pigments are organized in the form of clusters
called photosystems, in thylakoid membranes of chloroplast. Chlorophyll a is
the main photosynthetic pigments others are called accessory pigments and
includes chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
7.2.3 Limiting
factors in photosynthesis.
Q.8. Write names of four limiting factors for
photosynthesis.
Ans: i. Light intensity. Ii.
Temperature. Iii. Concentration
of CO2
iii.
availability of water
7.3.1 Aerobic
and anaerobic perspiration.
Q.9. How soy sauce is made?
Ans: The soy sauce is made through the fermentation by a fungus aspergillums.
Q.10. Define fermentation. Name its two types.
Ans: In the absence of oxygen, glucose is incompletely oxidized
with less amount of energy released. In first phase, Glucose is broken down
into two molecules of pyruvic acid but in second phase pyruvic acid is not
completely oxidized.
Types:
i. Alcoholic fermentation.
ii. Lactic acid fermentation.
Q.11. Clarity alcoholic fermentation with a
chemical equation.
Ans: It occurs in bacteria, yeast etc. in this type of anaerobic
respiration, pyruvic acid is further broken down into alcohol (C2H5OH)
and CO2.
Pyruvic
acid Ethyl Alcohol + CO2.
Q.12. Write down types of fermentation.
Ans: There are two types of fermentation.
i. Alcoholic fermentation. Ii. Lactic acid
fermentation.
1. Alcohlic fermentation: It occurs in bacteria, yeast etc. in
this type of anaerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is further broken down into
alcohol (C2H5OH) and CO2. Pyruvic acid Ethyl Alcohol + CO2.
2.
Lactic acid fermentation: In this type of anaerobic respiration, each pyruvic acid
molecule is converted into Lactic acid (C2H6O3).
Pyruvic acid Lactic acid.
Q.13. Write the uses of fermentation in yeast.
Ans: Fermentation in yeast is used in brewing and baking
industries.
Q.14. Name the final products of Aerobic and
anaerobic respiration.
Ans: Aerobic respiration: Pyruvic acid molecule is completely
oxidized to CO2, and water and all energy is released.
C6H12O6
+ 6O2 6 CO2
+6H2O + Energy
Anaerobic
respiration: Pyruvic acid is not completely oxidized and it is transformed into
ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
7.3.2 Mechanism of Respiration
Q.15. Write names of main stages of aerobic
respiration.
Ans: There are three stages of aerobic respiration.
1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3.
Electron transport chain
Q.16. Write names of two main steps of aerobic
respiration.
Ans: i. Glycolysis ii. Krebs cycle iii.
Electron Transport chain
Chapter # 8
1- Which of the
following is not the function of Saliva:
(A) Digestion (B) Absorption (C) Lubrication (D) Stabilization
2- Number of
macronutrients are:
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 9 (D) 19
3- Gastric ulcer
Is found in?
(A) Lungs (B)Liver (C) Stomach (D)
Kidneys
4- Percentage of
Proteins Bread is:
(A) 12% (B)11 % (C) 10 % (D)9 %
5- Urea is
formed.
(A) In stomach (B) In Liver (C) In gall Bladder (D)In pancreas
8.1 Mineral
Nutrition in plants
Q.1. What is the importance of fertilizer in
agriculture?
Ans: Fertilizers can increase the soil drainage, aeration and the
ability of the soil to hold nutrients.
8.2 Components
of Human food.
Q.2. From
which sources of vitamin A and vitamin D are obtained?
Ans: Sources of vitamin A : Leafy vegetables, yellow fruits, fish, liver, egg,
milk and Butter.
Sources of vitamin D: Fish liver oil, Milk, Ghee and
Butter, synthesized by skin.
Q.3. Differentiate between fat soluble and water
soluble vitamins.
Ans: Vitamins which are soluble in fats called fat soluble
vitamins. e.g vitamin A, D, E and K. While the vitamins which are soluble in
water called water soluble vitamins. e.g
vitamin B and C.
Q.4. Write down the names of diseases caused by
the deficiency of Vitamin A.
Ans: i. Night
blindness ii. Hyperkeratosis
iii.
Keratomalacia iv. Dry skin
Q.5. Write components of Human food.
Ans: i. carbohydrates ii.
Lipids iii. Proteins iv. Minerals v. Vitamins
8.1 Mineral
nutrition in plants.
Q.6. What is the role of calcium and magnesium
in plants life?
Ans: Calcium activates enzymes, is a structural component of cell
wall, influences water movement in cells. While Magnesium is a structural
component of chlorophyll. It is also necessary for the functioning of plant
enzymes to produce carbohydrates, sugar and fats. It is also used for fruit and
nut formation and essential for germination of seeds.
8.2 Components
of Human food.
Q.7. What are the source of iron in human body?
Ans: Human gets iron form red meat, egg yolk, whole wheat, fish,
spinach, mustard etc.
8.2.3 Problems
related to Nutrition
Q.8. Define malnutrition. Also give the names of
any two types of Malnutrition.
Ans: Problems related to nutrition are grouped as Malnutrition. It
often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate consumption, poor
absorption, or excessive loss of nutrients. Malnutrition includes protein
–energy malnutrition (PEM), mineral deficiency disease (MDD) and over intake of
nutrients (OIN)
Q.9. Write the names of two diseases caused by
mineral deficiency.
Ans: i. Goiter ii. Anemia
Q.10. What is protein energy Malnutrition?
Ans: Protein energy malnutrition means inadequate availability or
absorption of energy and proteins in the body. It may lead to diseases such as
Kwashiorkor and Marasmus.
8.3.1 Human
Alimentary Canal
Q.11. What is stomach? Where does it locate?
Ans: Stomach is dilated
part of alimentary canal. It is J-shaped, located in the left of abdomen, just
beneath diaphragm.
Q.12. What is meant by Villi? Write down its
function.
Ans: There are circular folds in the inner walls of ileum. These
folds have numerous finger like projections called villi. Villi increase the
surface area of the inner walls and it helps a lot in the absorption of
digested food.
Q.13. What is gastric juice? Also write down its
chemical composition.
Ans: When food enters the stomach, the gastric glands found in the
stomach wall are stimulated to secrete gastric juice. Gastric Juice is composed
chiefly of mucous, Hydrochloric acid, and a protein digesting enzyme
pepsinogen.
8.3.2 Role
of Liver
Q.14. What is Liver? How does it weight in an adult
human?
Ans: Liver is the largest gland of body. It is multi lobed and
dark reddish in appearance. It lies beneath the diaphragm on the right side of
abdomen. In an adult human, it weighs about 1.5 kg and is the size of football.
8.4 Disorders
of Gut.
Q.15. What is ulcer? What are its causes?
Ans: Ulcer is a sore in the inner wall of gut (in aesophagus,
duodenum, or stomach).
The
causes of ulcer includes excess acid, infection, long term use of
anti-inflammatory medicines, smoking, drinking coffee, coals and eating spicy
foods.
Q.16. What is Diarrhoea? Write its symptoms also?
Ans: Diarrhea is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent
watery, loose bowel movements. This condition may be accompanied by abdominal
pain, nausea, and vomiting. It occurs when required water is not absorbed in
blood from colon.
Q.17. Enlist preventive measures to save from
ulcer.
Ans: Ulcer is treated with medicines, which neutralize the acidic
effects of gastric juice. Spicy, acidic foods and smoking should be avoided as
preventive measures.
Chapter # 9
1- When blood
cells are removed from blood, remaining part is:
(A) plasma (B) serum
(C) protein (D) water
2- Salts make up
plasma by weight:
(A)0.6% (B) 0.8% (C) 0.7% (D)0.9%
3- Human Heart
is enclosed In Double Membranous sac called:
(A) Pleura (B) Pericardium (C)Peritonium (D)
Pericaro
4- Which of the following blood Vessel
carry Deoxygenated blood?
(A) Aorta (B) Renal Artery
(C) Pulmonary Vein (D) Pulmonary Artery
5- The Universal
Recipient has Antigen.
(A) A (B)B (C) Rh (D) A&B
6- Severe
deficiency of water in plants is called as
(A) Desiccation (B) Respiration (C)
Transpiration (D) Nutrition
7- Rate of
transpiration decreases by the increase of.
(A) temperature (B) Air movement (C) air humidity (D) Leaf surface area
8- Plasma
protein which keeps balance of water in blood is:
(A) Fibrinogen (B) albumin (C) antibodies (D) Fibrin
9- Guard cells
belong to:
(A) Pericycle (B) Stomata (C)
Cortex (D) Endodermis
10- Which part of
plant is responsible for transportation of water?
(A) phloem (B) xylem (C)root (D)leaf
11- ----------
prevents blood clothing.
(A) Basophils (B)Neutrophils (C)
Eosinophil’s (D) Monocytes
12- Average life
of red cells is:
(A) 120 days (B)150 days (C) 12 days (D)
130 days
13- The
transpiration as regulated by.
(A) mesophyll cells (B) guard cells (C) xylem cells (D) phloem cells
14- Temperature
that causes closure of stomata?
(A) 10 O C -15
O C (B) 20 O
C - 25 O C (C) 30O
C - 35 O C (D) 40
O C – 45 O C
15- The largest
artery is called.
(A) Renal artery (B) Hepatic artery (C) intercostal (D) Aorta
Transpiration
Q.1. Where lenticels are found and what is their
function?
Ans: Lenticels are the pores in the
layer of woody stems and mature roots, and plants use these lenticels for
gaseous exchange.
9.1.3 Transport
of water
Q.2. Write two reasons for the creation of
Transpiration Pull.
Ans: i. Water is held in
a Tube (Xylem) that has small diameter.
ii. Water molecules adhere to the walls of Xylem
tube (adhesion)
iii. Water
molecules cohere to each other.
9.2.1 Blood
Q.3. Write the functions of neutrophils and
basophils.
Ans: Neutrophils destroy small particles by phagocytosis white
Basophils prevent Blood Clotting.
Q.4. What is Dengue fever? Write its symptoms.
Ans: Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted through a
mosquito Aedes aegypti.
Symptoms: High fever, severe
headache, pain behind eyes, muscle and Joint pains and rash.
Q.5. What is meant by Blood group system?
Ans: Blood group systems are a classification of blood based on
the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells. An
Antigen is a molecule that can stimulate an immune response.
Q.6. Why AB Blood group individuals are
called Universal recipients?
Ans: AB Blood group individuals are called universal recipients
because they can receive transfusions from the donors of every other blood
group.
9.2.2 Human Heart.
Q.7. What is the relationship between heartbeat
and pulse rate?
Ans: The relaxation of heart chambers fills them with blood and
contraction of chambers propels blood and contraction of chambers propels blood
out of them. The alternating relaxations and contractions makes up the cardiac
cycle and one complete cardiac cycle makes one heartbeat. While pulse is the
rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it
by the regular contractions of heart.
Q.8. Define
pericardial fluid and write its function.
Ans: Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a
fluid, known as pericardial fluid between pericardium and heart walls. It
reduces friction between pericardium and heart during heart contractions.
Q.9. What is the function of pericardial fluid?
Ans: Heart is enclosed in a sac known as pericardium. There is a
fluid, known as pericardial fluid between pericardium and heart walls. It
reduces friction between pericardium and heart during heart contractions.
Q.10. Define the Term Cardiac Cycle and heart beat.
Ans: The relaxation of heart chambers fills them with blood and
contraction of chambers propels blood out of them. The alternating relaxations
and contractions make up the cardiac cycle and one complete cardiac cycle makes
one heartbeat.
Q.11. Differentiate between cardiac diastole and
ventricular systole.
Ans: Atria and ventricle relax and blood is filed in atria. This
period is called cardiac diastole. While the period of ventricular contraction
is called ventricular systole.
9.2.3 Blood Vessels
Q.12. Differentiate between arteries and capillaries.
Ans: Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood away from
heart. In adults all the arteries with the exception of pulmonary arteries,
carry oxygenated blood. While
capillaries are the smallest blood vessels present in Tissues. These are formed
by the divisions of arterioles. The exchange of materials between blood and
tissue fluid is carried out through capillaries.
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