9th Biology Chapter # 3 All Punjab Board Papers | 5 Years Old Board Papers Short questions | Repeated short questions in all Board Papers

   CHAPTER No. 3

1.                 What is biodiversity?                                                                      

Ans:    The term biodiversity has been derived from two word “Bios” AND “diversity”. “Bio” meaning “Life” and diversity mean “variety within species and among species”. Biodiversity is a measure of the variety of organism present in different regions.

2.                 Write two points on the importance of biodiversity.    

Ans:    Biodiversity provides food for humans. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources.

3.2.     CLASSIFICATION AIMS AND PRINCIPLE:

3.                 Differentiate between taxonomy and systematic?/ Define systematics.

Ans:   

Taxonomy	Systematics
The branch of biology which deals with classification is called taxonomy.	The branch which deals with classification and also traces the evolutionary history of organisms is known as systematics.

4.                 What are aims of classification?                                        

Ans:    The basic aim of classification are given below:

            1-         To determine similarities and differences among organisms so that    they can be studied easily.

2-                 To find the evolutionary relationship among organisms.

5.                 Define “Taxonomic Hierarchy”                                          

Ans:    The group into which organisms are classified are known as taxonomic categories or texa (singular “taxon”). The taxa form a ladder, called taxonomic hierarchy.

6.                 Name any four texa of classification.

Ans:    Phylum, class, order, family.

7.                 What is meant by taxa? Write name of any taxa.

Ans:    The group into which organisms are classified are known as taxonomic categories or taxa.

            Example:  Phylum

8.                 What is the basic unit of Classification? Define species.           

Ans:    The basic unit of classification is species. Species is a group of organisms which can interbreed freely among them and produce fertile offsprings but are reproduce freely isolated from all other such groups in nature.

9.                 What type of animals are produced in cross breed?     

Ans:    Two organisms related two different but closely related species can cross-breed under artificial condition. In such unnatural crosses they produce infertile offspring. For example; a cross breeds between a male donkey and female horse produce an infertile offspring that is mule.

10.             Write down the biological name of human and pea.     

Ans:    Human being:   Homo sapiens

            Pea:                 Pisum Sativum.

11.             Write the simple classification of pea.                 

Ans:    plantae             (kingdom)                Magnoliophyta (phylum)

            Magnoliopsida  (class)                      Fabales             (order)

            Fabaceae          (Family)                    Pisum                           (Genus)

            P.sativum         (species)

12.             In which three kingdoms nature was divided by Carolus Linnaeus?

Ans:    These three kingdoms are as under.

(a)               Mineral                       (B)       Vegetable       (C)       Animal

13.             Who was Carolus Linnaeus ? Why is he famous?

Ans:    Carolus Linnaues was taxonomist. The best known for his introduction to method still used to formulate the scientific names of every species.

14.             What is meant by two kingdom classification system and on which thing is it based?

Ans:    According to it all organisms that can prepare the food from simple inorganic materials and this can store energy are autotrophs and are included in kingdom plantae. On the other hand the organisms that cannot synthesis their food and depend on autotrophs or others are heterotrophs and are included in kingdom animalia. Bacteria, fungi and algae were included in kingdom plantae.

15.             What is difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Ans:    Autotrophs:The organisms which can manufacture their own organic compounds (Food) from the inorganic raw material are called autotrophs.

            Heterotrophs:The organisms which are incapable of manufacture organic compound (Food) from simple inorganic nutrients called heterotrophs. They obtained food from the environment.

16.             Write the name of two kingdoms in two kingdom system.

Ans:    The names of two kingdoms in two kingdom system are given below:

            1-         Planate                       2-         Animalia

17.             Who and when introduced the Five Kingdom Classification System?

Ans:    Robert Whittaker introduced the five kingdom classification system in 1967.

18.             What are the bases of five Kingdom system?

Ans:    The levels of cellular organization i.e. prokaryotic, unicellular eukaryotic and multicellular eukoryotic.

            The principle modes of nutrition i.e. photosynthesis, absorption and ingestion.

19.             What is the Basis of classification? Explain it.     

Ans:    Classification is based on relationship amongst organisms and such relationship is got through similarities in characteristics. These similarities suggest that all organisms are related to one another at some point in their evolutionary histories. However, some organisms are closely related than others. For example sparrows are more closely related to pigeons than to insects. It means that the former two have common evolutionary histories.

20.             Write the name of all kingdoms in five kingdom system.

Ans:    1- Kingdom Monera             2- Kingdom Protista             3- Kingdom Fungi

            3- Kingdom Plantae              4- Kingdom Animalia

21.             Write one difference between Prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Ans:    Prokaryotes: They possess no membrane bounded organelles.

            Eukaryotes: They possess membrane bounded organelles.

22.             Write characteristic of kingdom Monera.

Ans:    Kingdom Monera:

            i.          It includes prokaryotic organism’s i.e they are made of prokaryotic     cells.

            ii.         Monerans are unicellular, although some types forms. Chains,             Clusters or colonies of cells.

            iii.        Prokaryotic cells are radically different from eukaryotic cells. Most are           heterotrophic but some perform photosynthesis because they have           chlorophyll in their cytoplasm.

23.             Write down two characteristics of kingdom Protista.

Ans:    It includes eukaryotic unicellular and simple multicellular organisms.

            Algae are unicellular, colonial or simple multicellular. They resemble plant cells with cell walls and chlorophyll in chloroplasts.

24.             How many types of Protists? Write their name.  

Ans:    There are three types of protists.  

            (A) Algae                     (B)       Protozoan’s               (C) Fungi like

25.             What type of organisms are found in the kingdom fungi?

Ans:    It includes eukaryotic multicellular heterotrophs which are absorptive in their nutritional mode e.g. mushrooms. Most fungi are decomposers.

26.             Give three main characteristics of Kingdom Fungi.

Ans:    (i) Decomposers (ii) Feed on organic matter   (iii) Eukaryotic, multicellular

27.             Write the name of any two decomposers.

Ans:    Mushrooms, yeast (Fungi), Bacteria.

28.             Describe two characteristics of two kingdom Plantae.

Ans:    1- It includes multicellular autotrophs.

            2- These are autotrophic in nutritional mode, make their own food by photosynthesis.

29.             What do you know about kingdom Animalia?

Ans:    It includes eukaryotic multicellular consumers. Animals live mostly by ingesting food and digesting it within specialized cavities. They lack cell wall and show movements.

30.             What is meant by a cellular?

Ans:    They don’t have cellular organization yet show some characters of living organisms.

31.             Write the name of any two sub-Cellular particles.                    

Ans:    Virus, prions, viroids

32.             Differentiate between prions and viroids. / Where do you place Viruses status?/Discuss viruses are living or nonliving.

Ans:    Prions:  These are composed of protein only.

            Viroids:  These are composed of circular RNA.

33.             Give reason why virus is not included in five kingdom system.

Ans:    Virus is not included in five kingdom system because viruses are at the borderline of living and nonliving. Due to their crystalline nature, they are considered as non-living. They are acellular i.e. they do not have cellular organization yet show some characters of living organisms (e.g. they possess DNA).

34.             What is Binomial Nomenclature? Who introduced its first?

Ans:    Binomial nomenclature is the method of giving scientific names to living organisms.

            Carolus Linnaeus first introduced and adopted the system of binomial nomenclature.

35.             What is Binomial Nomenclature? Give its one advantage.       

Ans:    As the word binomial “suggests, the scientific name of a species consists of two names the first is genus name and the second one is the name of species. In binomial nomenclature, every species can be unambiguously identified with just two words.

36.             Write two rules for giving scientific names to living organisms.

Ans:    1- scientific names are usually printed in italics, such as Homo sapiens. When handwritten they are underlined.

            2- The first term (generic name) always begins with capital letter, while species name is never capitalized (even when derived from a proper name).

37.             Why we formulate binomial nomenclature?

Ans:    We formulate binomial nomenclature because common names cause many problems. Different regions have different names for the same organism. For e.g, common name of onion in urdu is piyaz, but in different regions of Pakistan it is also known as “Ganda” or basal or “vassal”. In other countries it has other sets of names. In science it is known as with single name as allium cepa.

38.             Write down scientific' names of Onion and House Crow.

Ans:    The scientific name of “Onion” is “Allium cepa” and that of “House crow” is “Corvus splendens”

39.             What is the scientific name of House Crow and Frog?

Ans:    The scientific name of “house crow” is “Corvus splendens and that of “Frog” is “Rana Tigrina”.

40.        What is difference between extinct and endangered species?/ What is meant by endangered species? Give example./ What is meant by extinct species?                

Extinct species	Endangered species
A species is called extinct when there is no doubt that the last individual of that species has died in that ecosystem.	A species is called endangered when it is at risk of extinction.

41.             Write down two characteristics of sea star.

Ans:    Its body is star like. It has five arms with central disc. There are present tube feet towards ventral side of body.

42.             Write two effects of deforestation.

Ans:    1- Deforestation affects the amount of water in soil and moisture in atmosphere.

            2- Deforestation also contributes to decreased transpiration, which lessens cloud formation. This ultimately reduces the sources of rains.

43.             Describe two causes of Deforestation.                

Ans:    The two causes of deforestation is given below:

            i.          Deforestation can be done to get more area for increasing        population.

ii.                  Deforestation is done for getting timber and for combustion.

44.            What is the effect of deforestation on biodiversity?

            (A)       In the province Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa the closed canopy forest are    shrinking at the approximately 1% per year.

            (B)       Animals have to migrate from the area where the forest has been cut            down.

            (C) Various species of plants and animals are endangered.

45.            What is the role of over-hunting in extinction?   Or        Write down the effects of overhunting.

Ans:    Over-hunting has been a significant cause of the extinction of hundreds of species and the endangerment of many more such as whales, ibex, urial, markhor (the national animal of Pakistan) etc. Commercial hunting, both legal and illegal, is the principal threat.

46.            Write down two project for conservation of biodiversity in Pakistan.

Ans:    1- Himalayan Jungle Project                        2- Northern Areas Conservation Project

47.            Write the names of any two endangered species in Pakistan.

Ans:    Indus Dolphin, Marco polo sheep.

48.             What do you know about Indus Dolphin?

Ans:    Indus Dolphin is present in the Indus River. According to WWF-P World Wild Fund Pakistan, only 600 animals of the species of Indus Dolphin are left today. The population of this species decline due to water pollution, poaching and destruction of habitat.

49.             What is habitat of Marco Polo sheep?/  Write a short note on Marco-polo sheep.

Ans:    Marcopolo sheep are mostly found in Khunjerab National Park and nearby areas. Their number has been rapidly decreasing in the last two decades and WWF-P has started projects for its conservation.

50.             In which areas houbara bustard is found?

Ans:    Houbara bustard is found in Cholistan and Thar deserts of Pakistan.

51.             Name the national bird and national animal of Pakistan.

Ans:    Chakor patridge is the national bird of Pakistan. Markhor is the national animal of Pakistan.